He was happiest working, and all the grandkids knew that you should never, ever, ever say youre bored around Pa-Pabecause hed give you enough work to do to cure you of boredom forever! Drummond wrote. Chuck married Nan Olsen in 1964. Beaver Blood Moon meaning: spiritual Blood Moon 2022 November, Share This Post On WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram & Telegram. Drummond said that her father-in-law, who was affectionately referred to as Pa-Pa, had been feeling pretty miserable for the past two or three months and was finally ready to go.. He died peacefully in his sleep, thank God. Do you know about Career of Chuck Drummond? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Pioneer Woman star confirmed on her blog that Chuck, also known as Pa-Pa, died "peacefully in his sleep" on Nov. 4 at 79 years old. I'm sad to share that Chuck---Ladd's dad, my children's grandpa, and my one-of-a-kind father-in-law---passed away Friday morning. Many of you know Chuck as Pa-Pa, which is what we all called him. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Reasons APC Chieftains Began to Suspect Buhari, Femi Adesina Opens Up, APC Chair Adamu Speaks on Tinubus Triumph, APC Fires Back At Peter Obi After Press Conference, Obi Wouldnt Have Still Won, Atiku Gives Reason, Africa Is Poised to Be the Next Frontier of Cryptocurrency Adoption, Best Ways To Solve Your Business Communication Problems, Five Side Hustles for 9-5 Workers in Nigeria, How to start ecommerce business Steps Guide, Wifey Number 100: JJC Skillzs Son Benito Reacts to News of Dads Remarriage, Feels Pity for the New Bride, Speak for Yourself: Lady Describes Regina Daniels as a Source of Inspiration to Young Girls Over Hubbys Win, Pounds (GBP) to Naira Black Market Exchange Rate Today, Soft Babe: Nigerian Girl Who Looks Like Man Says She Has a Boyfriend, Tomboy Video Goes Viral on TikTok, Cash Wey We Dey Find: Regina Daniels Stuffs Childrens Piggy Banks With Bundles of New Naira Notes, Top 5 Most Popular Sports Events In The World, The Gambling Explosion in Africa Is Bringing Virtual Sports into the Story, Spotlight on South Africa: The Online Gambling Market and Its Current Regulatory Framework, We Kid You Not! Fans were moved to tears by the heartbreaking message from Tammy Slatons mother! He is preceded in death by his son, Todd Olsen Drummond, his parents, Fred Alexander Drummond and Ruth Thatcher Drummond, his brother, Tom E. Drummond, his sister, Patricia A. Drummond, and his beloved wife, Nan Olsen Drummond. Charles Drummond obituary and the death were widely searched online by the people hearing the death information. Switch to the light mode that's kinder on your eyes at day time. He raised three sons, taught them all he knew about ranching, then did the same with his six grandchildren. The specifics of his family will be updated soon. . Chuck Drummond obituary. Obituary.
"What a gift he was, and I'm really thankful to have made 25 years of amazing memories with my grandpa.". The father of her husband, Ladd, died peacefully in his sleep on Friday morning at his home in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, and, according to Drummond, had been declining in health over the past two months. After graduating from OSU in 1965, Chuck and Nan moved to their ranch near Pawhuska, where they raised three sons. He was later inducted into the OCCA Hall of Fame. Antonia DeBianchi is an Associate Editor, Food & Lifestyle, at PEOPLE. In an obituary shared on The Pioneer Woman, Ree wrote how Chucks passing was such a sad goodbye for our family. To use social login you have to agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. The perfect tummy control bodysuit, a popcorn gadget, more bestsellers starting at $8. Have something to tell us about this article? In boots and pants, this guy shows what youd expect from an old cowboy with a face like someone whos been working out all his life. Im sad to share that Chuck---Ladds dad, my childrens grandpa, and my one-of-a-kind father-in-law---passed away Friday morning, Drummond wrote on her personal blog. %privacy_policy%. Chuck Drummond was furthermore showed up in Rees weblog. "After feeling pretty miserable for the past two or three months, he was finally ready to go. His name was Charles Robert Drummond, and he was born on March 12, 1943 at Pawhuska Hospital. Chuck was a married guy back then, speaking of his romantic life.
Chuck Drummond dead and obituary, cause of death - Whats happened? Charles Drummond Obituary, What was Charles Drummond Cause of Death Chuck Drummond continued losing weight as the company grew, and at one point he was too thin. A life so beautifully lived deserves to be beautifully remembered.
August 24, 1944 - August 8, 2021.
Ruth N "Nan" Olsen Drummond (1943-2018) - Find a Id like to learn more about him, and Im lucky to have a Drummond family history book in my library.
Chuck Drummond obituary: Pioneer Woman remembers 'one-of-a-kind father A rancher by trade, he taught his three sons everything he knew, followed by instilling a working diligence in his six grandchildren in that way only an elder could do. He enjoyed planning gatherings for the family. Farming and raising cattle became his way of life, but aside from his family, horses and hunting were his hobbies.
Who Was Chuck Drummond? Details About His Health And Death Revealed "The Pioneer Woman" Ree Drummond has shared some sad news about a loved one by penning a touching tribute. He was president of his senior class and earned 36 merit badges as a Boy Scout. Ree, Chucks daughter-in-law, also wrote a blog post about him on her own website. I waited a couple of days to share here because we needed to communicate with extended family, take a few breaths, and shed some tears but since you all have seen photos and read stories about Chuck since the beginning of my blog, I knew I wanted to share with you.. I will post more photos of Chuck once we all get a chance to look through the albums and albums that he himself assembled through the years, but here he is with Nan on their wedding day. My father-in-law was so kind to me. According to the media, he was a licensed rancher. He was 79 years old and passed away on Friday morning, November 4. What is the relationship status of Chuck Drummond? On Monday, Ree's daughters, Alex, 25, and Paige, 23, honored their grandfather with Instagram posts, confirming he was laid to rest this week.
Charles Drummond Obituary (1941 - 2022) - Norfolk, VA - The Virginian-Pilot After feeling pretty miserable for the past two or three months, he was finally ready to go. He also wears a nice grey felt western hat and when I look at him I know this guy has a story. His life is fascinating and Chuck is always willing to share some of his stories. In the twenty-six years Ladd and I have been married, we've never had a moment of conflict," Ree wrote. Chucks parents are from the United States.
Death: Chuck Drummond Cause Of Death - Tradegy Info Chuck and his siblings were born and raised in the United States. August 17, 1943 - May 24, 2018 PAWHUSKA Nan Olsen Drummond, age 74, passed away on May 24, 2018 at her home in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. Since then, the family has become the center of attention, and curiosity about their private lives is high. I'm glad they have each other, and the bank of fifty-plus years of memories of a dedicated father who probably worked them a little too hard as children by today's standards, but who taught them valuable lessons about hard work, business, and life. In a 2017 cover story, PEOPLE reported that the Drummonds were ranked one of the top 20 land-owning families in the U.S., with a combined 400,000 acres, according to records at the time. Chuck Drummond Passed Away Beyond his Pawhuska a relative, Chuck Drummond's death is being mourned by his daughter-in-who law's met him through "The Pioneer Woman." Drummond died on Friday, November 4, at the age of 79, according to the Kendrick McCartney Johnson Funeral Home in Pawhuska. Drummond was a gifted individual. I don't know what happens after we die, but I like to think their souls are somehow reunited and celebrating. Light A Candle. With food, you can bring opposites together to form a truly marvelous combination, and he strives to take that sentiment to heart in all that he does. Drummond Land & Cattle Co., one of the biggest cattle-rearing ranches in America, is owned by Ladd. Ladd, a son wed the well-known American blogger Ree Drummond. Thank you for living such a full life, and for letting us all be a part of it. On Monday, Ree's daughters, Alex, 25, and Paige, 23,. Drummond passed away on November 4, 2022, at the age of 79. According to the reports, Chuck passed away on November 4, 2022, at the age of 79. Chuck is survived by his sons Tim Drummond and his wife Missy of Pawhuska, and Ladd Drummond and his wife Ree of Pawhuska; grandchildren Alex Scott and her husband Mauricio, Caleb Drummond, Paige Drummond, Halle Drummond, Bryce Drummond and Todd Drummond; as well as loving nieces, nephews and cousins. He was a gifted individual. Posted by Island Cremations & Funeral Home | Merritt Island, FL.
Chuck Drummond obituary: Pioneer Woman remembers 'one-of-a-kind father Chuck was a well-loved father, grandfather, cattleman and friend.
chuck drummond obituary Charles Herman Drummond, 81, peacefully left this world on August 27, 2022 surrounded by his loving family. chuck drummond obituarymi compromiso contigo amor. Leave a sympathy message to the family on the memorial page of Charles Drummond to pay them a last tribute. Chuck Drummond lived on his familys ranch outside of town for his first five years of life, working the land and riding horses.
What Happened To Chuck Drummond? How Did Chuck Drummond Died? Chuck One of the wealthiest families in the United States of America is the Drummond family. The rumor appears to be untrue, though. Ree added that Chucks health had been declining in the last few months and he passed away peacefully in his sleep. ).Along with his daughter-in-law, he has appeared in a number of television shows. Generally, Chuck donned his favorite hat. Ree's husband and her brother-in-law, Tim, have dealt with loss before. In addition to this, he was well-known as Ree Drummonds father-in-law, a well-known American blogger. He did not sit on many boards or committees, instead spending all of his time working on the ranch and building relationships. Im sad to share that Chuck Ladds dad, my childrens grandpa, and my one-of-a-kind father-in-law passed away Friday morning, she wrote. Chuck married Nan Olsen of Hardy, Oklahoma on August 17, 1964. Charles "Chuck" Drummond and his daughter-in-law Ree Drummond. Todd Drummond, Chucks kid, per Rees blog, passed away at a very young age. May you find comfort knowing that life continues forever in heaven even as the memories shared live forever in our hearts. Thank you for your love and prayers, especially for Ladd and his brother Tim, and the six grandkids.. Switch to the dark mode that's kinder on your eyes at night time. Nan Olsen Drummond, age 74, passed away on May 24, 2018 at her home in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. Drummond later turned his attention to his career. He was born Charles Robert Drummond on March 12, 1943, at the Pawhuska Hospital. It is simple to propagate tales about his demise because he is in the autumn of his life. Chuck Drummond Obituary, Death - Charles Robert Drummond, also known as Chuck, passed away on November 4 in Pawhuska. CHARLES DRUMMOND OBITUARY. "About a month ago I was sitting with him in his kitchen and he said to me: 'If you're ever out working on the ranch on a hot summer day, and you feel a cool breeze passing by, just know that it's me and then get back to work,'" she recounted in the caption. Local obituaries for Pawhuska, Oklahoma. Everyone loved his . He raised three sons, taught them all he knew about ranching, then did the same with his six grandchildren, Ree said. He raised three sons, taught them all he knew about ranching, then did the same with his six grandchildren, Ree said. He seemed like a great person, my heart goes out to your family for losing such a beloved family member., Another fan on Twitter said: Heartbroken to hear that Chuck Drummond has passed., In other news, J-hope teases J. Cole feature in the song On The Street snippet, Avatar: The Way Of Water | Official Trailer, https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-tohYPKa_ag/hqdefault.jpg. He was enthusiastic about riding ponies since his adolescence. Charles Robert Drummond Charles Robert Drummond, known as Chuck, died in Pawhuska on Friday, November 4. He and his wife had been residents of Cleveland, Tennessee . On Sunday (November 6, 2022), Ree Drummond shared the news of the passing of her father-in-law Chuck Drummond. At the Pawhuska Hospital, he was given the name Charles Robert Drummond on March 12, 1943. The founder of the business, along with Tim and Ladd, is Chuck. It is with great sadness that we announce the death of Charles Drummond of Jackson, New Jersey, born in Camden, New Jersey, who passed away on January 30, 2023, at the age of 88, leaving to mourn family and friends. Along with sweet throwback photos of herself and her grandfather, Alex shared a video of his funeral procession. Frederick Ford Drummond, beloved husband, father, grandfather and friend to many, departed this world on October 18, 2020. Copyright 2023 MRandom News | Powered by NewsRandom, Great guitarist David Lindley dead and obituary, Whats happened, Best brands of Hookahs and where to buy them, Hareem shah Lic colgate tooth paste viral video leaked on twitter, F1nn5ter leaked OF on twitter and reddit, Finnster Onlyf, Nyesom Wike Son dead, Whats happened to Wicks Son California death, Nikocado Avocado is dead or still alive? He was a rancher as well. Timothy was born in July 1967, followed in January 1968 by their third son and future pioneering female husband Rad. In her tribute, Drummond takes a moment to mention those closest to Chuck that he leaves behind: her husband, Ladd, and his brother, Tim, the two surviving sons of her father-in-law. A unique soul with a great personality has an amazing sense of humour, diligent and caring. Friends, this old boy sitting outside in the sun enjoying all the intricacies is a walking link to learn about the history of the area. Though our words can do little, we hope our thoughts and prayers will encourage you this period and always as you mourn, the passing soul. Required fields are marked *. In her obituary, Ree wrote that Chuck had taught his kids and grandkids everything about ranching life. Please if you have any form of concern, suggestions, or query as regards this publication, kindly contact us. He was a frequent breakfast visitor at his daughter-in-law's Pioneer Woman Mercantile. The eldest Drummond son, Todd, died during his high school years and Chucks wife, Nan, died in 2018. His actual birthdate is March 12, 1943.
Death of Chuck Drummond, 79, leaves family, 'Pioneer Woman' fans mourning In the solemn video, a hearse followed a group of cowboys on horseback leading the way on the family's Pawhuska, Oklahoma ranch. He gave out my cookbooks to everyone he encountered, he watched my segments on QVC, and when we opened The Mercantile, he mingled and greeted visitors for hours and hours, she added. He attended Oklahoma State University, where he majored in agricultural economics, but always spent weekends at the ranch in Pawhuska, where horses and a girl named Nan Olsen played an important role in his life. In addition to this, he was a prosperous businessman. His name was Charles Robert Drummond, and he was born on March 12, 1943 at Pawhuska Hospital. Her Family After She Passed Away, What Caused The Death Of David Salman? What Did He Do Regarding the Austin Theory Allegations During the Speaking Out Movement? Cause of death Details of the circumstance surrounding our beloved, Chuck Drummonddeath is not public yet, we will share more as we learn. Obituary Charles Robert Drummond, known as Chuck, died in Pawhuska on Friday, November 4. On Sunday (November 6, 2022), Ree Drummond shared the news of the passing of her father-in-law Chuck Drummond. Following the death information, people wonder what was Chuck Drummond cause of death.
Family and ranching were Chucks two primary passions in life. Nan Olsen, Chuck Drummonds wife, is his wife. Chuck enjoyed raising and showing cutting horses and was a top ten breeder in the industry for many years. Ree took to Facebook to announce the news of Chucks passing, followed by a link to a touching tribute on her blog. Furthermore, he has been the home of some of the industry's best horses, including Playin Stylish, Pepto Stylish Oak, and Stylish. Chuck was born in Pawhuska, Oklahoma on March 12, 1943. Some Details About His Health And Death Revealed, What Was Joyce Mandel Death Cause? The American businessman, who is now in his 80s, was born in 1943. He was an entrepreneur, media personality, rancher, and member of a famous family. To send flowers Charles Drummond Obituary. He was proud of his sons, and would do anything for them and their children. He was 79 years old and passed away on Friday morning, November 4. You can directly shop your flowers on Amazon. Chuck also adored his horses. CHARLES H DRUMMOND. Funeral services will be held at a later date. Beyond his television spots, Ree explained that her father-in-law supported her career in many ways. He also worked in the cattle business. Obituary of Charles DRUMMOND. As part of the 75th annual Cavalcade the largest amateur rodeo event in the world Saturdays parade descends from Kihikah to the Oklahoma 60 with more than 200 horses coming to a close. I'm grateful so many people got to meet him in person. After feeling pretty miserable for the past two or three months, he was finally ready to go. Chuck served in the Canadian Armored core from 1954 until 1981 as a proud member of the Royal Canadian Dragoons. The death of Osage County rancher Chuck Drummond is mourned beyond his Pawhuska family to fans of his daughter-in-law's who got to know him through "The Pioneer Woman." Drummond died Friday,. Your email address will not be published. Chuck Drummond has had a number of health problems during his life. Monday, February 27, 2023. . Nan Olsen Drummond, age 74, passed away on May 24, 2018 at her home in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. She goes on to describe her father-in-law: a man with a gravelly voice who could come across as gruff but was open, generous and committed to his family. We encourage you all to respect the dead and accord the family heartbroken with the loss of a cherished one, some privacy as you leave a message in the comment session. Chuck had a gravelly voice and could come across as gruff, but the truth about Chuck is that his heart was open and generous, and his family meant everything to him. Chuck graduated from Pawhuska High School in 1961 and studies Agricultural Economics at Oklahoma State University, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity. "We love you so much, Pa-Pa. Chuck was a well-loved father, grandfather, cattleman and friend.
He was president of his senior class and earned 36 merit badges as a Boy Scout. His name is Charles Robert Drummond and he was born March 12, 1943, at the Pawhuska Hospital. Despite these obstacles, Chuck and his family held on to their ranch and continued to grow.
Obituary of Charles DRUMMOND | McInnis & Holloway Funeral Homes | S "Spent the past week reminiscing, celebrating, and saying goodbye to PaPa," Alex captioned her post. He also played football in high school and was his senior president. Pioneer Woman fans are mourning Chucks passing and many have paid their respects on social media.
Their older brother, Todd, died following a car accident when Ladd was 18, and their mother, Nan, died in 2018 after battling cancer. Pete Malleo and Ashlee Holmes-Malleo are officially divorced.
Chuck Drummond ,Networth,Age,Bio (Updated February 2023) Meanwhile, in the city center, I found another one that caught my eye more. HILARY DUFFS DEEP LOVE FOR AARON CARTER AS SHE REFLECTS ON THEIR TEEN RELATIONSHIP, J-hope teases J. Cole feature in the song On The Street snippet, {{#media.media_details}} {{#media.focal_point}}. All Rights Reserved. Chuck Drummond Obituary: In the loving memory of Chuck Drummond, we are saddened to inform you that Chuck Drummond, a beloved and loyal friend, has passed away. The American businessman, who is now in his 80s, was born in 1943. He was 79 years old and passed away on Friday morning, November 4. Chuck reportedly enrolled in a reputable university for his graduate studies, according to the media. new homes for sale in reedley, ca; kt tape for pinched nerve in shoulder; alaya boyce; san diego coaster schedule 2022; what does the police interceptor chip do? In 1964, the couple exchanged vows. He was 79 years old and passed away on Friday morning, November 4. Ree added that Chucks health had been declining in the last few months and he passed away peacefully in his sleep. Photo by Monica Schipper/Getty Images for The Pioneer Woman Magazine. He gave out my cookbooks to everyone he encountered, he watched my segments on QVC, and when we opened The Mercantile, he mingled and greeted visitors for hours and hours, she added. Closing out the post, Ree gave thanks for the legacy he left behind. Both Chucks family and the official new site have not confirmed his passing. Chuck graduated from Pawhuska High School in 1961 and studies Agricultural Economics at Oklahoma State University, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity. Chuck Drummond obituary. In a poignant obituary shared on Pioneer Woman's website, Ree Drummond paid a tribute to her 'one-of-a-kind father-in-law' Chuck Drummond. marvelous! Chuck was a well-loved father, grandfather, cattleman and friend. Charles Robert Drummond, known as Chuck, died in Pawhuska on Friday, November 4. Ree and Drummond both made appearances in food blogs. .css-pf75fd{color:#12837c;display:block;font-family:Mogan,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0.625rem;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-pf75fd:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-pf75fd{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-pf75fd{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-pf75fd{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.1;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-pf75fd{font-size:2.00879rem;line-height:1.1;}}Watch Ree Meet Alex's Puppy George, Heres What Alex Drummond Is Doing for Lent, Alex Reveals a Fun Fact About the Drummond Kids, See Alex and Paige's Sweet Valentine's Day Pics, Shop Alex's Cute Heart Coat Just in Time for V-Day, Ree Just Gave a Heartwarming Children's Sermon, Quick! Chuck Drummond obituary and the death were widely searched online by the people hearing the death information. In lieu of flowers, Chucks contributions can be made to: Viewing will be heldSunday, November 13,from 10am-6pm at the Kendrick McCartney Johnson Funeral Home. Being Ree Drummond's father-in-law made this great man well known around the nation. I waited a couple of days to share here because we needed to communicate with extended family, take a few breaths, and shed some tearsbut since you all have seen photos and read stories about Chuck since the beginning of my blog, I knew I wanted to share with you. Here you'll find all collections you've created before.
Chuck Drummond Obituary, Chuck Drummond Has Passed Away - fox9obituaries Chuk had been deteriorating during the previous two months, according to the sources.
Chuck Drummond obituary: Pioneer Woman remembers 'one-of-a-kind father Chuck Drummond always brought light to every room entered. "We love you so much, Pa-Pa. Chuck was a well-liked friend, father, and grandfather. On Sunday (November 6, 2022), Ree Drummond shared the news of the passing of her father-in-law Chuck Drummond. Nan was born on August 17, 1943 in Ponca City, Oklahoma, and was raised on her family's cattle ranch near Hardy. On March 12th, 1943 Chuck was brought into this world in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. Enter His first five years were spent on the family ranch 11 miles outside of town where he learned to ride a horse at the same time he was learning to walk. Chuck was born in Pawhuska, Oklahoma on March 12, 1943. He has seen everything, and packed so much living into his 79 years. Chuck started his career as a rancher and his life consisted of long hours of hard work. Drummond was born and reared in the United States of America, according to media reports. Chuck was born in Pawhuska, Oklahoma on. "The Pioneer Woman" Ree Drummond has shared some sad news about a loved one by penning a touching tribute. Welcome to my frontier!
Pioneer Woman Ree Drummond's Family Holds a Funeral for Chuck Drummond In 1979, he was named Osage County Top Conservationist. 2023 Kendrick McCartney Johnson Funeral Home. A celebration of Chucks life will be held at Presbyterian Disciples Church in Pawhuska on Monday, November 14, at 10:00am. Chuck Drummonds Health Illness And Weight Loss Journey Explained, Chuck Drummonds Wife And Net Worth Revealed. Who Was Chuck Drummond? He kept up with extended cousins, organized family reunions, and made sure connections were maintained through the years. Drummond was an excellent cook. Chuck enjoyed raising and showing cutting horses and was a top ten breeder in the industry for many years. Paige also shared a family memory in her Instagram post about the land he was so passionate about. On Sunday (November 6, 2022), Ree Drummond shared the news of the passing of her father-in-law Chuck Drummond. Rodeo teams from the region joined more than a dozen Holy Landers in their little car, western wagon, cavalry queen and her entourage, more horses, clowns and more horses. Following the death information, people wonder what was Charles Drummond cause of death. As a parent, grandpa, cattleman, and friend, Chuck was adored. Charles Drummond, beloved husband of, Maureen Drummond (nee O'Brien) of Calgary, AB, passed away on Tuesday, July 21, 2020, at the age of 83 years. Frederick was born July 13, 1931 in Enid, Oklahoma, to Frederick Gentner. The news about the death of Charles was .
Chuck Drummond obituary: Pioneer Woman remembers 'one-of-a - HITC IE 11 is not supported. Chuck Drummonds obituary: Is He Still Alive? HOW DID TAYLOR SWIFT AND SELENA GOMEZ MEET? Chuck became a Boy Scout leader and was elected president of Osage County Cattlemans Association in 1974. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. On Nov. 6, she announced that her father-in-law Charles "Chuck" Drummond died at the age .
Nan Drummond Obituary (1943 - 2018) - Bartlesville, OK - Examiner He battled the issue, though, and is still enjoying his life now.
I found out that Chuck, as he was known, was active in the Boy Scouts as a child and eventually became a Boy Scout. Nan was born on August 17, 1943 in Ponca City, Oklahoma, and was .