Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Not long after the Elamites pillaged Ur and founded an Elamite kingdom inside Shnunna. At least three toponyms in Mannea, another three in Gizilbunda, and one in eastern Media are explicable in Kassite terms. The implication is that whatever pertains to the historical Jesus Christ belongs to the "New" and whatever pertains to the people among whom Jesus grew up belongs to the "Old". the Babylonian Tradition in the Second Millennium B.C. . 177-189, Krebernik, M., and Seidl, U. Bible History - C. 1404-1062 BC From the beginning, we have great leaders of the people such as Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and Joshua. The Kassites, a tribe from the Zagros mountains in present-day Iran, arrived in Babylonia and filled a vacuum left by the Hittite invasion. And I realized all my beliefs like what Edison believed came from the Bible. Agum the prince (? Around 1800 B.C., the Kassites began to settle in the Zagros Mountains which are located in modern day Iran. I cannot say that I am convinced by it but there are some real pieces of evidence to support it. A stele (monument) from Egypt, dating back to 1208 BCE is the firs known inscription mentioning the nation of Israel. "The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun: 1986 Campaign." Edens 1994, p. 213), the Kassite rulers reconstructed old cities in various parts of the country. 1400 BCE, the accession of the Kassite king Kara-inda (comparing El Amarna letter 10). It is likely that the already troublesome environment of the land assisted the Israelites in their task of taking over the land. In the time of Old Babylonia they were hired mercenaries for the state and also formed bands of outlaw rebels against the state. 1465 BCE (Brinkman, 1972, p. 274; Edens 1994, p. 210). Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed c. 2600 BCE after scribes Studies in Eastern History; Vol. 32731, Horowitz, W., Reeves, S., Stillman, L., White, M., & Zilberg, P. (2015). 251-54. Download Free PDF View PDF. A man named Tobiah the Ammonite is mentioned in Nehemiah 2:19 at the end of the Old Testament period (400s BC). [10][11] A few inscribed building materials of Kurigalzu I were found at Kish. [5] The chief gods, titular gods of the kings, were Shuqamuna and Shumaliya. 229-244, Brinkman, J. 71 ff.) It is possible that the Habiru in the Amarna Letters are a mix of Hebrews from Egypt and also local rebels from the previous Hebrew peoples, like Abraham was. They conquered lands in Mesopotamia and in what is now Turkey. L. Sassmannshausen, The Adaptation of the Kassites to the Babylonian Civilization, in K. van Lerberghe and G. Voet, eds., Languages and Cultures in Contact. It was written plain as day in the Egyptian language. Unfortunately the tablet containing the list is fragmentary. In addition, no Kassite anthroponyms and toponyms are recorded in these regions according to the above-mentioned early sources. THE OLD TO MIDDLE BABYLONIAN TRANSITION: HISTORY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE MESOPOTAMIAN DARK AGE. gypten Und Levante / Egypt and the Levant, vol. They eventually detached themselves from the Babylonian state and its urban centers, probably because they were unpaid or unprovisioned. This time period is the same time period we read about in Joshua and Judges (though, some scholars disagree on the exodus timing). Idem, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, Analecta Orientalia 43, Rome, 1968. [39][40][41], The Babylonian and Assyrian king lists mention eight or nine early Kassite rulers whose names are not fully known and who precede the following kings. 519-21. But Babylonia remained a world power: the Hittite king Hattuili III contacted Kadaman-Enlil II (1258-50 BCE) when the latter became king, in order to continue their good relations. 17385, Schneider, Bernhard. 17793, Roaf, Michael. The Kassites: An ancient Near Eastern people, the Kassites ruled Babylonia from from 1531 BC to 1155 BC after the fall of the First Babylonian Empire. The dependents employed in these sectors received rations, the quantities of which were determined according to the recipients rank in the hierarchy. [1] By the time of Babylon's fall, the Kassites had already been part of the region for a century and a half, acting sometimes with the Babylon's interests and sometimes against. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University.
India's God Krishna Was the King of Jerusalem! - Viewzone The Kassites, the ancient Near Eastern people who seized power in Babylonia following the fall of the first Babylonian Dynasty and subsequently went on to rule it for some three hundred and fifty years during the late bronze age, possessed a pantheon of gods but few are known beyond the laconic mention in the theophoric element of a name. How does violence against the family pet affect the family? Although both the level of urbanization and of the rural population in Babylonia was lower than that in the early second millennium BCE (cf. 2014. AbydosDynasty [47] What is known is that their language was not related to either the Indo-European language group, nor to Semitic or other Afro-Asiatic languages, and is most likely to have been a language isolate, although some linguists have proposed a link to the Hurro-Urartian languages of the Armenian highlands and Northern Mesopotamia. Many endure rather than enjoy reading these two chapters. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon.
Babylon | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline Web. Balkan, 1954, pp. Though the map was inscribed long after the demise of Old Babylonia, archaeological evidence has proven it remarkably accurate in showing the . [32][33] The Kassites also extended their power into the Persian Gulf, including at Qal'at al-Bahrain.
kassites in the bible MacGinnis, J. 211 f.). The eunuch was not from the land today known as Ethiopia, which corresponds to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, which conquered Kush in the fourth century. 2, 2006, pp. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. When did the Kassites take over the Babylonian Empire? 11-15). Volume 2 Kardunia. D.O. After the destruction of the Mittani by the Hittites in the early 14th century BC Assyria rose in power creating a three way power structure in the region between the Kassites, Hittites, and Assyrians with Elam exerting influence from the east and Egypt from the south. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Kassites. Ashkelon has been overcome; Babylonia was recognized as a great power by the other Near Eastern powers, namely, its neighbors and Egypt, according to the Amarna correspondence. Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. (Kassites). Ancient Orient Museum, Lapis Lazuli fragment with building inscriptions, Kassite, from Iraq. Qala'at al-Bahrain/2 The central monumental buildings. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982. 437-478, Malko, Helen. Christ was an incarnation of Yah-Veh. They had encountered many different kingdoms and tribes before they reached their destination. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? A. H. Podany, The Land of Hana: Kings, Chronology, and Scribal Tradition, Bethesda, Md., 2002. Babylon under Kassite rulers, who renamed the city Karanduniash, re-emerged as a political and military power in Mesopotamia. Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. The genealogies of the Bible reveal that intermarriage of the ruler-priests lines continued to the time of Jesus. [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. We can learn about the society where the ancient Israelites, and later Jesus and the Apostles, lived through the modern discoveries that provide us clues. The names of some Kassite deities are known. 225, 1977, pp. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. Volume 1 Kardunia. 91-113. (Louvre, Paris; photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
Abraham's Ur - Accuracy In Genesis 2, 2004, pp. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. 147, Lambert, W. G. The Warwick Kudurru. Syria, vol. Ira Spar, Michael Jursa: Cuneiform Texts from the Metropolitan Museum of Art IV: The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millennium BC.
Their empire, which lasted from the 20th to the seventh centuries B.C., was centered on the cities of Assur, Nineveh and Arbela in what is now northern Iraq. [31] The most notable of these efforts was the construction of a new city, Dur-Kuirgalzu. 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. Iggy, your theory is not an uncommon one. Richardson (2002, p. 347) is of the opinion that the fortresses were forerunners of the later Kassite feudal communities. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. Kassites and Assyrians.
Chapter 2 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet Kassites - Crystalinks 469 f.; Dosch and Deller, 1981), as well as in Middle Assyrian documents (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 470; cf. Museum, British. The Babylonian empire founded by Hammurabi was overthrown by the Kassites (whose origins are unknown) in 1595 BCE, the conquest following a Hittite invasion that sacked Babylon but did not stay to rule over it.Over the following centuries, the Kassites successfully . This should come at no surprise given the nature of god/goddess worship within the land. [8][9] About 100 Kassite tablets were found at Dur-Kurigalzu. This capital, which was located in the far north of Babylonia, included a big palace and a temple with a high tower of the ziggurat type. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 15:7). Unfortunately, many of those tablets have not yet been published, including hundreds held in the Ottoman Museum in Istanbul. J. Boese, Burnaburia II, Meliipak und die mittelbabylonische Chronologie, Ugarit Forschungen 14, 1982, pp. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Another ancient Middle Eastern people known as the Elam finally defeated the last Kassite ruler in 12 B.C. Their main project was the foundation of a new capital, named Dr-Kurigalzu Kurigalzus fortress (this type of place name is common in second- and early first-millennium Babylonia, where the initial component precedes a Kassite anthroponym (e.g., Agum and Burra-sah, Nashef, 1982, pp. Zeitschrift Fr Assyriologie & Vorderasiatische Archologie, 103(2), 183195. Most cultic offices and lower administrative ranks were almost exclusively in the hands of Babylonians (Akkadians). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." Edzard, Jasubigallja, in RlA V, 1976-80, p. 271a. J. Chr. They were the Babylonians in the south and the Assyrians to the north. G. Dosch and K. Deller, Die Familie Kizzuk - sieben Kassitengenerationen in Temtena und uriniwe, in M. A. Morrison, and D. I. Owen, eds., Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians in Honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on his 75th Birthday, Winona Lake, 1981, pp. 1 The Assyrian Empire. kudurru). 1499 BCE. There is very little evidence for serious political problems before the thirteenth century BC when Assyria to the north and Elam to the east began to threaten Babylonia, and eventually brought an end to Kassite control. 3, 1963, pp. Either way, the Amarna texts (#287-290) give an excellent insight into the turmoil that was going on around the same time that Joshua marched into the land. Cushan-Rishathaim is mentioned in Judges 3:8 and God had used this ruler to punish his people for eight years before he releases them from his rule. "Ur in the Kassite Period". Amarna a-an-har-ra, a-an-ha-ar (from Mitanni and Alashia), Hittite a-an-ha-ra(-az), Egyptian ngr, Old Testament nr < *amara (Old Babylonian gentilic Samhar), presumably a Kassite tribe, gave its name to Babylonia while it was occupied by the Kassites (see Zadok, 1984; cf. Kassite period. of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, Archiv fr Orientforschung 18,1957-58, pp. 31-45, 47-73, 106-33. 421-436. (10)" . Brinkman, 1986). The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. 88-124, Clayden, Tim. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide.